Transactions on Transport Sciences

Transactions on Transport Sciences X:X

Quantifying the Effect of Smart Traffic Cameras on Speeding Patterns Through Structural Equation Modeling

Izza Anwer^a, Muhammad Rameez^a, Muhammad Ashraf Javid^b, Muhammad Irfan Yousuf^c

^a. Department of Transportation Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, 54890, Lahore Pakistan

^b. Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar, Oman

^c. Department of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, 54890; Lahore, Pakistan

Exceeding speed limits is a significant factor contributing to accident risks, which, in turn, stands as a major cause for the 1.3 million global road deaths per annum, which translates to 3700 dead people every single day. The percentage of fatalities is increasing every year as a one percent increase in speed results in a 3.5-4% increase in deaths. Therefore, a critical issue was evaluated by investigating the effectiveness of speed enforcement smart cameras as a part of advanced information and communication technologies (ICTs) installed by the relevant government authorities in the metropolitan area for efficient traffic management. To understand speeding behavior, a questionnaire was designed and piloted to collect data from 616 road users. The collected data were analyzed using a statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) and analysis of moment structure (AMOS). The results indicated a 10% decrease in vehicle speed in the vicinity of the camera enforcement area, compared to other areas where the ICTs’ enforcement was not present. This reduction in speed variations across vehicles was also noticeable, signifying that the risk of traffic crashes should be lower with increased safety. The output of the structural equation model showed that the perception variables have a positive correlation with speed behavior. In conclusion, the presence of smart camera enforcement led to a significant reduction in vehicle speed in the area of enforcement. As a result, an increase in the number of cameras correlates with a reduction in instances of traffic violations. The research findings are helpful for multiple institutions, particularly those dealing with traffic management, control, safety, and urban planning.

Keywords: Driver’s Attitude; Road Crashes; Smart Speed Enforcement Cameras; Speeding Behavior; Traffic Safety

Received: August 28, 2025; Revised: January 29, 2026; Accepted: March 9, 2026; Prepublished online: August 28, 2026