Transactions on Transport Sciences 2014, 7(3):97-108 | DOI: 10.2478/trans-2014-0007
Low-Emission Zones in European Countries
- Transport Research Centre, Brno, Czech Republic
Low-emission zones are currently one of several tools which are in use for the improvement of air quality thanks to the limited entry of vehicles to European city centres. This article describes basic characteristics and parameters of low-emission zones in comparison with other types of used restrictions and explains the evaluation system of particularly environmental benefits and impacts. These theoretic assumptions are confronted with established low-emission zones in selected European urban areas; measured benefits and impacts of individual measures are evaluated and compared.
Keywords: Low emission zone, LEZ, urban access restrictions, European urban areas, environmental impact.
Published: September 1, 2014 Show citation
References
- Act No. 201/2012 Coll. On Air Protection. (in Czech)
- Arentz, L., 2008. Luftreinhalteplan der Bezirksregierung Köln für das Stadtgebiet Köln [online]. Köln: Bezirksregierung Köln. [cited 2014-09-01]. 115 p. Retrieved from: http://www.polisnetwork.eu/uploads/Modules/PublicDocuments/air-quality-plan_cologne-luftreinhalteplan_koeln.pdf
- BSUGV, 2008. Luftreinhalte-/Aktionsplan für die Stadt München [online]. München: Bayerishes Staatsministerium für Umwelt, Gesundheit und Verbraucherschutz (BSUGV) [cited 2014-09-01]. Retrieved from: http://www.regierung.oberbayern.bayern.de/imperia/md/content/regob/internet/dokumente/bereich5/technischerumweltschutz/lrp/080827_lrp_muenchen_2te_fortschreibung_gesamt.pdf
- Hausberger, S., Rexeis, M., Zallinger, M., Luz, R., 2009. Emission Factors from the Model PHEM for the HBEFA Version 3 [online]. Graz: Graz Univerzity of Technology [cited 2014-09-01]. 76 p. Retrieved from: http://www.hbefa.net/e/documents/HBEFA_31_Docu_hot_emissionfactors_PC_LCV_HDV.pdf
- Hugosson, M. B., Sjöberg, A., Byström, C., 2006. Facts and Results from the Stockholm Trial - Final version - December 2006 [online]. Stockholm: Miljöavgiftskansliet/Congestion Charge Secretariat [cited 2014-05-22]. 152 p. Retrieved from: http://www.stockholmsforsoket.se/upload/Sammanfattningar/English/Final%20Report_The%20Stockholm%20Trial.pdf
- ISIS, 2010. Study on Urban Access Restrictions [online]. Rome: Institute of Studies for the Integration of Systems (ISIS) [cited 2014-05-22]. Retrieved from: http://ec.europa.eu/transport/themes/urban/studies/doc/2010_12_ars_recommendations_to_the-eu.pdf
- Leonard, C., 2011. Low emission zones in Germany: The bus and coach operator's perspective. In Workshop on "Traffic restrictions & low emissions zones in Europe", Brussels, March 02, 2011 [online]. Brussels: International Road Transport Union [cited 2014-09-01]. Retrieved from: http://www.iru.org/cms-filesystem-action?file=Events_2011_bx02march/Leonard.ppt
- Lutz, M., Rauterberg-Wulff, A., 2009. Ein Jahr Umweltzone Berlin: Wirkungsuntersuchungen [online]. Berlin: Senatsverwaltung für Gesundheit, Umwelt und Verbraucherschutz [cited 2014-09-01]. 30 p. Retrieved from: http://www.stadtentwicklung.berlin.de/umwelt/luftqualitaet/umweltzone/download/umweltzone_1jahr_bericht.pdf
- Ricci, A., 2011. Access restriction schemes in European cities: Presentation of the final results of the European Commission study. In Workshop on "Traffic restrictions & low emissions zones in Europe", Brussels, March 02, 2011 [online]. Brussels: International Road Transport Union [cited 2014-09-01]. Retrieved from: http://www.iru.org/cms-filesystem-action?file=Events_2011_bx02march/Ricci.pptx
- TfL, 2008. London Low Emission Zone: Impacts Monitoring Baseline Report, July 2008 [online]. London: Transport for London (TfL) [cited 2014-09-01]. 214 p. Retrieved from: https://www.tfl.gov.uk/cdn/static/cms/documents/lez-impacts-monitoring-baseline-report-2008-07.pdf
- Trafikkontoret, 2006. Assessment of environmental zone in Göteborg: A report for the Traffic & Public Transport Authority of the City of Göteborg [online]. Göteborg: Trafikkontoret i Göteborg [cited 2014-09-01]. 24 p. Retrieved from: http://www2.trafikkontoret.goteborg.se/resourcelibrary/Utv%C3%A4rdering%20MZ%2010%20%C3%A5r%20ENG.pdf
This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original publication is properly cited. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.